{"id":698,"date":"2021-06-02T19:38:12","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T19:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lingly.cz\/anglictina\/?p=698"},"modified":"2021-06-02T19:53:25","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T19:53:25","slug":"kolik-ma-anglictina-pritomnych-casu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lingly.cz\/anglictina\/kolik-ma-anglictina-pritomnych-casu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolik m\u00e1 angli\u010dtina p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b m\u00e1me jen jeden. V angli\u010dtin\u011b si s jedn\u00edm bohu\u017eel nevysta\u010d\u00edme. Je rozd\u00edl, jestli se n\u011bco d\u011bje pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f, jestli to trv\u00e1 nebo se opakuje, nebo jestli zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee u\u017e se to d\u011bje n\u011bjakou dobu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u0159ebujeme se nau\u010dit pou\u017e\u00edvat tyto \u010dty\u0159i \u010dasy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udc49 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd<\/strong> (present simple)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udc49 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> (present continuous)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udc49 p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> (present perfect continuous) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udc49 p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd <\/strong>(present perfect simple)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2b50\ufe0f P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed k naprost\u00e9mu z\u00e1kladu. Jejich zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Ten je u v\u011bt\u0161iny student\u016f neobl\u00edben\u00fd, proto\u017ee se plete jak s minul\u00fdm, tak s p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem. \ud83d\udcda\ud83d\ude35\u200d\ud83d\udcab<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>I live<\/strong> here.<\/kbd><\/span> = \u017diju tady.<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>I'm staying<\/strong> in a hotel.<\/kbd><\/span> = Bydl\u00edm v hotelu.<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>I've been working<\/strong> here for years.<\/kbd> <\/span>= Pracuju tady u\u017e roky.<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>I've wanted <\/strong>to visit Italy for so long.<\/kbd><\/span> = U\u017e hrozn\u011b dlouho chci nav\u0161t\u00edvit It\u00e1lii.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u2705 Pod\u00edvejme se na p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch situac\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bco se d\u011bje opakovan\u011b.<\/strong><\/td>The train leaves at 10.<\/kbd><\/span> = Vlak odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed v 10.<\/span> (Ka\u017ed\u00fd den, ka\u017ed\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed, prost\u011b pravideln\u011b.)<\/td><\/tr>
N\u011bco se d\u011bje neust\u00e1le.<\/strong><\/td>I live in London.<\/kbd><\/span> = \u017diju v Lond\u00fdn\u011b. (Trval\u00fd stav. Neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee se to v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed.)<\/td><\/tr>
Obecn\u00e1 pravda.<\/strong><\/td>The<\/span><\/kbd> Sun gives us light.<\/kbd><\/span> = Slunce n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u011btlo. (Plat\u00ed to po\u0159\u00e1d. Je to fakt.)<\/td><\/tr>
U sloves typu b\u00fdt, pot\u0159ebovat, cht\u00edt, v\u011b\u0159it, vid\u011bt apod.<\/strong><\/td>I believe you.<\/kbd><\/span> = V\u011b\u0159\u00edm ti. (Nejde o \u017e\u00e1dnou \u010dinnost, ale o stav.)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2b50\ufe0f Zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme se jen na situace, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Pou\u017eit\u00ed pro pl\u00e1ny v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti te\u010f ne\u0159e\u0161\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u011bco se d\u011bje te\u010f. <\/strong><\/td>We are waiting for you.<\/span> <\/kbd>= \u010cek\u00e1me na tebe. (Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f.)<\/td><\/tr>
Je to do\u010dasn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/td>I'm working in a bar.<\/span> <\/kbd>= Pracuju v baru. (Pova\u017euju to za do\u010dasn\u00e9.)<\/td><\/tr>
A \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e9. <\/strong><\/td>I'm reading a great book.<\/kbd><\/span> = \u010ctu skv\u011blou knihu. (Nemus\u00edm ji nutn\u011b m\u00edt te\u010f v ruce, ale m\u00e1m ji moment\u00e1ln\u011b roze\u010dtenou.)<\/td><\/tr>
N\u011bco se opakuje a \u0161tve m\u011b to.<\/strong><\/td>You're always arguing.<\/kbd><\/span> = Po\u0159\u00e1d se h\u00e1d\u00e1te. (Typicky u always<\/kbd><\/strong>, forever<\/kbd><\/strong>, constantly<\/strong><\/kbd>, ale v\u017edy u situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011b roz\u010diluj\u00ed.)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2b50\ufe0f Zase se budeme bavit jen o situaci, kdy je v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das. Kdy se p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 minul\u00fdm \u010dasem, probereme jindy. Obvykle se v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poj\u00ed s for<\/kbd><\/strong> (for two years<\/strong><\/kbd> = u\u017e dva roky) a since<\/kbd><\/strong> (since May<\/strong><\/kbd> = od kv\u011btna).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee n\u011bco trv\u00e1 dlouho.<\/strong><\/td>I've been waiting for you for hours.<\/span> <\/kbd>= U\u017e na tebe \u010dek\u00e1m hodiny.<\/td><\/tr>
N\u011bco za\u010dalo v minulosti a trv\u00e1 do te\u010f.<\/strong><\/td>I've been<\/span> sitting here since morning.<\/span><\/kbd> <\/span>= Sed\u00edm tady od r\u00e1na.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2b50\ufe0f Do \u010de\u0161tiny ho p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1me ve stejn\u00fdch situac\u00edch, kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd. Jen se jedn\u00e1 o slovesa, kter\u00e1 netvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9 tvary. Jsou to stavy, n\u00e1zory, emoce apod. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee n\u011bco trv\u00e1 dlouho.<\/strong><\/td>I've had this car for ages.<\/kbd><\/span> = Tohle auto u\u017e m\u00e1m v\u011bky.<\/td><\/tr>
N\u011bco za\u010dalo v minulosti a trv\u00e1 do te\u010f.<\/strong><\/td>I've known about it for a while.<\/span><\/kbd> = U\u017e o tom n\u011bjakou dobu v\u00edm.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2b50\ufe0f Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed body k zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed plus p\u0159\u00edkladov\u00e1 v\u011bta.\ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b \u2013 praktick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2b50\ufe0f Teorie je jasn\u00e1. Pod\u00edvejme se na p\u00e1r praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f s vysv\u011btlen\u00edm, pro\u010d jsme pou\u017eili zrovna tenhle \u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udc49 It snows a lot here in winter.<\/kbd><\/span> = V zim\u011b tady hodn\u011b sn\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • D\u016fraz na pravidelnost.<\/li>
  • Ne\u0159e\u0161\u00edm, jestli sn\u011b\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udc49 I don't wash the dishes.<\/kbd><\/span> = N\u00e1dob\u00ed nemyju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Nikdy, tud\u00ed\u017e trval\u00fd stav.<\/li>
    • Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, co (ne)d\u011bl\u00e1m te\u010f \u27a1\ufe0f I'm not washing the dishes<\/kbd><\/strong>.<\/li>
    • Ne\u0159e\u0161\u00edm, jak dlouho u\u017e n\u00e1dob\u00ed nemyju, prost\u011b ho nemyju (nikdy).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udc49 Cats hate water.<\/kbd><\/span> = Ko\u010dky nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Obecn\u00e1 pravda.<\/li>
      • Hate<\/kbd><\/strong> nav\u00edc netvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd tvar (nen\u00ed to \u010dinnost).<\/li>
      • Bu\u010f n\u011bco nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00edm, nebo ne.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \ud83d\udc49 I have long hair.<\/kbd><\/span> = M\u00e1m dlouh\u00e9 vlasy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • Have<\/kbd><\/strong> ve v\u00fdznamu vlastnit nem\u00e1 pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd tvar.<\/li>
        • Je jedno, jestli se z\u00edtra ost\u0159\u00edh\u00e1m.<\/li>
        • Popisuju stav.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \ud83d\udc49 It smells delicious.<\/kbd><\/span> = Kr\u00e1sn\u011b to von\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n